The longing for independence and initiatives in this direction have been one of the most prominent features of the 20th century and is a phenomenon that continues to be influential in the 21st century. The most important inspiration and exemplary event of the phenomenon of independence is the national independence war of the Anatolian Turks against the Western colonialist states and the Atatürk Revolution, which was realized as a result of this war ending with victory. Just as the French Revolution caused the feeling of nationalism to spread in continental Europe and the Balkans, and pushed the Balkan nations under the domination of the Ottoman Empire to independence, so did the Turkish War of National Independence, Atatürk's Revolution Model, especially in the struggle for independence and independence after it. affected countries. First of all, I would like to state that Atatürk's Revolution Model is a third development-modernization model between the Capitalist and Marxist Models. Important foreign thinkers such as Maurice Duverger, the famous French constitutional lawyer, argue that this is the case. Atatürk's Revolution Model has been a source of inspiration for developing countries. Because the main feature of Atatürk's Revolution Model is that it is "national". This Model was created in line with the historical, economic, political and social accumulation of the country. The chance of success of the Atatürk Revolution Model is much higher than the artificial models that a country is forced to accept. Because Atatürk's Revolution Model was created in line with the "realities" of a country. The leader of the Turkish Revolution, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, defines the Turkish Revolution as follows: What is the Turkish Revolution? This revolution Apart from the revolutionary meaning that the word brings to mind at the first moment, it includes a wider change than it. Our present state is in its most advanced form, which has abolished ancient forms from ages. In order for the nation to maintain its existence, it has changed the form of the common ties that it has thought among its individuals since ages, that is, it has gathered its individuals with the bond of Turkish nationality, nationalism, national identity awareness instead of nation, religious and sectarian connection. The nation has accepted the principle as a proven fact that science and the tool as the cause of life and power in the field of international general struggle can only be found in contemporary civilization. Nation, As a natural and mandatory requirement of these changes and the revolution, the general administration and all its laws are only inspired by worldly needs and as a worldly life management that must constantly change and develop with the change and development of needs. The aim of the revolution that has been made and is being made is to bring the people of the Republic of Turkey into a completely modern and civilized society in all its meaning and form. This is the basic principle of the revolution. It can be seen that Atatürk's Revolution pushed and abolished religious rules, laws and regulations stemming from these rules, and the order created by them in society and state administration. Instead of these, positive thinking developed in the West; It aimed to put a way of life based on science and human reason, to establish the necessary order and to realize the state and society structure in this direction. Atatürk's Revolution foresees being a nation as a common bond between the individuals of the nation, fulfilling the requirements of nationalism and nationalism. However, to be inspired by these needs in line with worldly needs; It considers it a necessity of the Revolution to turn to new changes and developments in line with the demands that arise with the change and development of needs, and not to stay behind the current age. In this respect, Atatürk's Revolution is a national revolution and it is scientific and rationalistic based on secular, positive thinking. The great feature of Atatürk's Revolution is that it is not dogmatic, it rejects stereotypes; it does not adopt ideologies that want to limit the social and state life to the rules and laws that are considered valid and valid at all times and in all ages. However, despite his openness to innovation and change, Atatürk's Revolution Model and Kemalist thought system have two basic features that they do not compromise and will not compromise. We can also define these two basic features as “two red lines” and explain them as follows: Atatürk's Revolution Model does not compromise the indivisible integrity of the country and the nation, and the need for the management style, regime and political authority to sit on a secular basis. The most important feature of Atatürk's Revolution is that it started as an act of national liberation, and after the successful conclusion of this war in the political and military field, it aimed at modernization and directed towards radical changes and developments that would completely change the society. Atatürk's Revolution Model, realized with the revolution of an exploited and oppressed class, It is not a revolutionary model that allows an administration based on the dominance of that class after the revolution. Atatürk's Revolution Model is that a nation that is exploited, oppressed and wanted to be destroyed was developed against the colonialist and expansionist states as well as the Ottoman administration and its rulers, who are responsible for the backwardness of the society. The feature that distinguishes Atatürk's Revolution from the previous ones is that this Revolution started on a national scale and covered the whole nation. Atatürk's Revolution Model has universal aspects as well as nationality. During the years of the National Liberation War and in the following periods, colonial, expansionist, powerful states exploit the nations of Asia, Africa and South America of various colors and origins and deprive the peoples of these countries of independence. In the language of the leader of the revolution, Mustafa Kemal, these are oppressed countries, oppressed nations. Atatürk's Revolution will also be a source of inspiration for them, national independence and national liberation wars will follow each other in the years following the Turkish Revolution and today. The Atatürk Revolution Model has another universal dimension. Atatürk often spoke of “contemporary civilization” and “common values” of humanity. The aim of Atatürk's Revolution Model is to increase the contribution of Turks to world civilization by creating a modern, civilized Turkish society and a modern, civilized Turkish state. August Ritter von Kral, a diplomat sent by Austria to Turkey in the 1930s, says the following about the Atatürk Revolution: “This Revolution completely changed the people's system of thought, values ​​and behavior. A new view for the Turkish people, a brand new national liberation wars will follow each other in the years following the Turkish Revolution and today. The Atatürk Revolution Model has another universal dimension. Atatürk often spoke of “contemporary civilization” and “common values” of humanity. The aim of Atatürk's Revolution Model is to increase the contribution of Turks to world civilization by creating a modern, civilized Turkish society and a modern, civilized Turkish state. August Ritter von Kral, a diplomat sent by Austria to Turkey in the 1930s, says the following about the Atatürk Revolution: “This Revolution completely changed the people's system of thought, values ​​and behavior. A new view for the Turkish people, a brand new national liberation wars will follow each other in the years following the Turkish Revolution and today. The Atatürk Revolution Model has another universal dimension. Atatürk often spoke of “contemporary civilization” and “common values” of humanity. The aim of Atatürk's Revolution Model is to increase the contribution of Turks to world civilization by creating a modern, civilized Turkish society and a modern, civilized Turkish state. August Ritter von Kral, a diplomat sent by Austria to Turkey in the 1930s, says the following about the Atatürk Revolution: “This Revolution completely changed the people's system of thought, values ​​and behavior. A new view for the Turkish people, a brand new He spoke of the “common values” of humanity. The aim of Atatürk's Revolution Model is to increase the contribution of Turks to world civilization by creating a modern, civilized Turkish society and a modern, civilized Turkish state. August Ritter von Kral, a diplomat sent by Austria to Turkey in the 1930s, says the following about the Atatürk Revolution: “This Revolution completely changed the people's system of thought, values ​​and behavior. A new view for the Turkish people, a brand new He spoke of the “common values” of humanity. The aim of Atatürk's Revolution Model is to increase the contribution of Turks to world civilization by creating a modern, civilized Turkish society and a modern, civilized Turkish state. August Ritter von Kral, a diplomat sent by Austria to Turkey in the 1930s, says the following about the Atatürk Revolution: “This Revolution completely changed the people's system of thought, values ​​and behavior. A new view for the Turkish people, a brand new completely changed their behavior. A new view for the Turkish people, a brand new completely changed their behavior. A new view for the Turkish people, a brand new Weltanschung and accomplished all this in a short time. Although Atatürk's Revolution Model is a source of inspiration for developing countries, this Revolution Model is similar to the development and modernization model of the West in terms of its characteristics and purpose. Medieval mentality and the efforts to move away from the feudal world, to turn to the nation-state, to democratize the political regime, and then to the social state, summarize the evolution and modernization evolution of the West. It is possible to see the same process, the same outlines in Atatürk's Revolution Model. The process of establishing, developing, modernizing and democratizing the nation-state was also experienced in the Atatürk Revolution. Almost all of the developing countries give importance to independence and economic development. political liberties, The nature of the regime does not occupy a very important place in their programs at this stage. However, in Turkish history, there is a long-standing effort to ensure political freedoms. We can observe the same situation in Turkish history, just as the pursuit of political freedoms preceded the understanding of the social state in the West. The Young Turk movement that developed in the 19th century saw the realization of the constitutional regime and the democratization of the regime as the most important reform that would save the Ottoman Empire. Atatürk's Revolution aimed not only at development, but also at open regime and free people. The famous British philosopher Barbara Ward, while evaluating the meaning of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's use of the terms "Westernization" and "Modernization", says: He believed that through reason and scientific method, continuous progress and development opportunities could be created for humanity. Through science and industrialization, the West had found the real key to progress. And by taking advantage of this, the Turks could pave the way for progress by applying rational and scientific methods to every aspect of national life. Mustafa Kemal believed that irrational thinking and views that are far from scientific facts are the enemies of progress. The above-mentioned views of Barbara Ward point to the fundamental characteristics of the historical phenomenon, which we define as Atatürk's Revolution, which are still valid today. It is this: the dominance of reason and science in society and state administration, in the behavior of the individual, and the establishment of the regime on a secular basis. The West was able to realize this phenomenon in a period of four hundred years. The Atatürk Revolution aimed to realize this phenomenon in a very short period of time, within a generation. That was the hard part. Despite the brevity of the process, Atatürk's Revolution Model succeeded in putting the state on a secular basis. He established the first secular state among Muslim countries. The aim and essence of Atatürk's Revolution Model is different from the Ottoman reform movements: Atatürk's Revolutionary breakthroughs are not to keep a traditional, outdated empire alive, but to establish and modernize the nation-state. The aim of the Ataturk Revolution is the modernization of the Turkish state and Turkish society. Ottoman reform movements, on the other hand, did not aim at all modernization. In addition, Ottoman reform movements, Ottomanism, Islamism, They carried the effects of contradictory concepts and views such as nationalism, and they lost their power due to these contradictions. However, Kemalism is far from these contradictions; its allegiance to the national Turkish state; The aim is to modernize this state completely. Kemalism originated from an act of saving the homeland. Its development is to solve the problems of the internal structure, to direct the external relations; Thinking has been in the direction of making radical changes in the value system and life. In the decision-making process, not traditional but contemporary criteria took place. Rationalism, nationalism and secularism formed the main features of the Kemalist thought system. The positivism (positivism) and solidarism (solidarism) currents of thought of the West influenced the Kemalist thought system. On the other hand, Atatürk, the independence of nations, societies, individuals, freedom; considered the inseparable, indispensable, indisputable main element of human, social and state life. It was desired to create a new national model in order to make this main element operative. In this model, which is intended to be created, in the form of this development, development and modernization, national interest, social benefit, individual and class benefits are kept above their sovereignty. In this respect, it did not completely adopt the capitalist development model of the West, but did not completely reject it either. Again with this aspect, he did not adopt the socialist model in Soviet Russia; however, in order to get rid of underdevelopment, it was inspired by the orientations of the socialist ideology that gave weight to the state in development. The developed national model is a new development and modernization method for both Turkey and other oppressed countries and societies. The aim of Atatürk's Revolution Model is to bring the Turkish nation to the level of contemporary civilization independently without creating a closed society. To achieve this aim, a secular, populist, revolutionary, libertarian, nationalist society and state administration that dominates reason and science is envisaged. Kemalism, on the other hand, is the system of thought of allegiance to modernization and nationalization. Kemalism is the system of thought of the national Turkish state. Atatürk's revolutionary breakthroughs, on the other hand, are the practices that realize and will realize modernization and nationalization. Today, there is almost no country that does not want to modernize and develop, no matter how it is implemented. The political elites of newly established or newly established states want their countries to have the following characteristics of contemporary society: dynamism, change, industrialization, independence, effectiveness, strength and national unity. The longing to change and renew the old societies by taking advantage of the successes of other countries and being inspired, spread to every corner of the world and the modernization revolution began. Being modern is an integral concept for the state and the nation. It is impossible to be contemporary by focusing on a single aspect of the subject, political, economic, organizational, institutional, spiritual, educational and similar aspects, and solving the problems arising from this element. Undoubtedly, no solution has been found to solve all the problems at once, together. It is the most rational method to implement an application in line with the social and national benefit, in the order of priorities, and taking into account the social conditions. Every underdeveloped country that aims to modernize will adopt a method according to its own conditions and will try to implement it. Here is Atatürk's Revolution Model, The development-modernization models adopted by the developing countries, in essence, bear the principles and characteristics of Atatürk's Revolution Model to create a Revolution Model according to these national conditions. Every system, every pattern of change has a purpose. Atatürk's Revolution Model was also created for a purpose. The primary purpose of the model is to modernize. The second purpose is development. With the realization of these two goals, the level of contemporary civilization will be reached. In reality, modernization is a concept that also includes development. However, some practices in the closed governments of the world require interpretation by considering modernization and development separately. The main aim of the modern democratic society is to liberate people in every field. A free person is not only a person who has attained economic, social security, educational opportunities and material well-being. People should also have political freedoms, the right to choose between political options. For this reason, modernization cannot be seen only as economic development and development. developed, If countries that have fulfilled most of the requirements of a modern society, whose economy has become stronger, have chosen closed forms of government, the people of these countries are deprived of political freedoms and the right to choose between alternatives; for him, he is not a free man. For these reasons, these societies developed; however, it has not been modernized. In short, being developed in the economic-technological field is important for being contemporary; however, it is not a sufficient prerequisite on its own. An important condition of being modern is provided in an environment where the regime adopts and applies the values ​​of democracy and republic in the form of political administration. A modern state, a contemporary society, has achieved economic-technological development, as well as has succeeded in placing its political administration and regime on a secular basis, has reached the consciousness of national identity and has achieved an order in which rational and libertarian criteria take place in politics. The phenomenon of modernization predicts both the state and society to become dynamic on a large scale. Modernization is not just industrialization. It also includes social, psychological and political change. Atatürk's Revolution Model foresees both modernization and development. What lies at the core of this is an independent national state, a modern developed society and a free human being within this society. All Revolutionary breakthroughs are for this purpose. Atatürk created an act of liberation and independence that embraces, comprehends and embraces all classes and the entire nation. Indeed, there is no other way for the liberation of an occupied country. At no time in history has it been seen that a nation that has been under occupation, has fallen into a state of extinction, or has been reduced, has been saved by the struggle of a single class and achieved its independence. One-party system modernization in Atatürk era, It is a transition, an intermediate system in the process of politicization of society. Undoubtedly, an interim period is the most rational method for the transition from a religious-based oppressive administration based on the Caliph-Sultan to a liberal democratic administration. On this subject, for example, the British political scientist CH Dodd says: “To those who say that if the Turks had entered a multi-party life in 1930 when the environment was not favorable, it would have been a trial at all, only the insane will try what has been tried.” It should not be forgotten that the political party is the product of contemporary society, not traditional society. A basic condition of political modernization is the replacement of religious, traditional, familial and ethnic authorities with a secular, national and single authority. Atatürk's Revolution Model accomplished this. Undoubtedly, only the change in the form of authority accelerates modernization and gives it meaning. It is not a solution to large (macro) problems such as increasing the level of affordability (capacity) of the political administration and making the economic life more prosperous (prosperity). Modernization is a whole. It also gains its integrity from minor (micro) level changes. The form of an individual's behavior, value judgments, relations with other individuals, the state, and organizations, the role of the individual in society and how he perceives this role are an important part of the modernization phenomenon at the individual level. Atatürk's Revolution Model is the first Turkish modernization movement, which sees modernization as a whole and puts the state and society into action accordingly. In this integrity, the problems of modernization at the broad and minimal level have been dealt with. Undoubtedly, especially the principles of nationalism and secularism are related to problems in both broad and minor spheres. The rationalism that lies in the content of secularism; The denial of fatalism directly affected individual values ​​and behavior patterns. Revolutionary breakthroughs in the field of education have largely shaped the Turkish modernization action, both on a large and a minor level. Atatürk's Revolution Model is different from the independence actions and liberation struggles in the colonies. Turkish society has a deep-rooted state tradition and consciousness of being a state: it is a society that has not remained without a state. The war of national independence started when a large part of the 700-year-old Ottoman Empire, along with the capital of the state, was occupied, and some of it was wanted to be shared among the satellite states to be created. The lands were occupied, the capital and the head of the administration were taken under control, and the Ottoman Parliament was dissolved. However, the King The Caliph-Sultan is the ruler of the state with his government as the traditional, religious head of the 700-year-old state. One of Atatürk's conveniences in establishing a nation-state is that he came from the deep-rooted state tradition of Turkish society. The difficulty he faced arose from the fact that he had to establish a new authority in Anatolia despite the traditional, religious, 700-year-old Caliph-Sultan authority. It was not easy to establish national unity and to establish a new authority due to his opposition to the Caliph-Sultan. The Revolution, which was carried out by the Turkish nation under the leadership of Atatürk, has grown by determining its function, duty, authority and responsibility by creating and creating its dynamism from the very beginning, during the entire Revolution process and especially during Atatürk's period. When the revolution is examined in detail from this point of view, the findings to be obtained when it is investigated, nationalization, Atatürk's Revolution Model is not a copy of the Capitalist or Marxist Models of Development. No external influence or coercion was encountered in the formation of the Atatürk Revolution Model. Every decision, every practice, every thought taken during the Revolution, which formed the Revolution, was handled on a national scale and considered as national solutions. With these qualities, Atatürk's Revolution Model became a unique national model. Studies conducted in countries that have just gained their independence and have turned to modernization efforts reveal that the success chances of development and development methods that are created according to structural features by getting rid of model copying are higher. In addition to this chance of success, national methods and national models create an environment that prevents foreign influences, foreign interference to a great extent and prevents the possibility of harming independence. Undoubtedly, the revolutionary leaders of each backward society; He should know what kind of a model should be developed within this structure and features, and the applicability measure of that model better than others, foreigners. The practices of the underdeveloped countries in the effort of modernization are in this direction. This determination and observation about the newly independent countries confirms Atatürk's attempt to create and implement a national model. With very poor, very little educated manpower, the Turkey of Atatürk's era was protecting its independence much more effectively than today. He owed this feature mainly to the existence of two phenomena. The first phenomenon was the creation and implementation of a healthy, rational and national development-modernization Model. The second fact was the superior qualities of the group of political leaders, especially Atatürk, who were responsible for implementing this Model. Atatürk's Revolution Model, which aims to develop and modernize, essentially reflects the historical, cultural and social accumulation of a nation; It is a Model based on the effort and self-sacrifice of a country and its people. Atatürk's Model of Revolution is realistic, rational and national. The main call of Atatürk's Revolution Model is this: If an underdeveloped country, a country that is trying to develop, produces and implements a development-modernization Model in line with its “its own realities”, its own historical, cultural and social background, there is a great possibility of realizing it. In fact, with the features it is applied to now; For example, globalization policies are policies that monopolize and control underdeveloped countries and weaken their healthy development opportunities. However, Ataturk's modernization-development Model essentially refers to the nation, the people; It is based on the efforts of the nation, the people, the accumulation of the country, the characteristics of the country. He trusts and honors the people of the country in achieving this job. Ataturk's Revolution Model is a model that frees underdeveloped countries from the yoke, achieves their real independence and prevents interference in their internal affairs. For him, this Model is anti-imperialist, humanistic, and this Model is universal because it truly encompasses all humanity, sees people as human beings, and does not see humans as commodities. A healthy, rational "Model" created to realize modernization is not enough on its own. There is a need for a political staff to adopt, support and implement this Model. For this reason, the success of modernization-development depends on the characteristics of the political administration as well as the characteristics of the Model created in this direction. Political administration has a significant importance in the formation of national power and the realization of modernization-development. Basically, the morale of the people of a country primarily depends on the quality of those who govern in that country. The nationality, dynamism, determination of Atatürk and his leadership, Consistency and superior quality were an important factor in gaining prestige in the country and in the world. The characteristics of Atatürk and his progressive staff were those that accelerated modernization and contributed to national power. Statesmen such as İsmet İnönü and Mahmut Esat Bozkurt were among this staff. Atatürk and his progressive staff mobilized our country on the path of civilization, made political, cultural and legal revolutions and started the infrastructure revolution by mobilizing resources. Atatürk's Turkey achieved revolutionary breakthroughs with very little trained manpower and gained respect in the world. In summary, Statesmen such as Mahmut Esat Bozkurt were among this cadre. Atatürk and his progressive staff mobilized our country on the path of civilization, made political, cultural and legal revolutions and started the infrastructure revolution by mobilizing resources. Atatürk's Turkey achieved revolutionary breakthroughs with very little trained manpower and gained respect in the world. In summary, Statesmen such as Mahmut Esat Bozkurt were among this cadre. Atatürk and his progressive staff mobilized our country on the path of civilization, made political, cultural and legal revolutions and started the infrastructure revolution by mobilizing resources. Atatürk's Turkey achieved revolutionary breakthroughs with very little trained manpower and gained respect in the world. In summary, There are two basic requirements in order to modernize-develop and reach the level of contemporary civilization: The characteristics of the Model chosen for modernization-development and the qualifications of the political administration responsible for implementing this Model. Atatürk's Revolution Model is a national, dynamic modernization-development program. Atatürk's principles, on the other hand, are the principles that guide this Revolution, grow with the Revolution, and constitute the intellectual aspect of the Revolution's breakthroughs. Atatürk's Revolution Model is a form of government and it also has methods of implementation. Atatürk's principles of republicanism, nationalism, populism, statism, secularism and revolutionism framed Atatürk's Revolution Model and linked the Model to these basic views. Atatürk's Revolution Model was formed in a process. Atatürk's Revolution Model is a model of independence, modernization and development. Emphasizing the “Forgotten Great Civilization of Turkishness”, Atatürk brought Turkishness and Civilization to the agenda again and together with his Revolution, and determined the aim of the Revolution as reaching the level of contemporary civilization and even surpassing it.